Atypical pathogens presenting with pulmonary consolidations detected by cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Identification of pathogens with pulmonary presentation in patients with hematologic malignancies may be challenging due to diagnostic difficulty related to the underlying malignancy and limitations of conventional microbiologic methods. Herein, we present a case series of three patients with pulmonary consolidations due to Legionella bozemanae necrotizing pneumonia, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and disseminated Scedosporium infection, who were diagnosed by microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing. We observed that this new sequencing modality was in agreement with gold-standard diagnostics, posing a potential solution to the problem of limited capability in diagnosing infections in hematological malignancy patients.

Acetobacter tropicalis bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient: case report.

Introduction. The published literature characterizing the bacterial genus Acetobacter primarily explores the role of these organisms in the fermentation industry. Reports of human infections caused by Acetobacter species are rare and are primarily associated with immunocompromised patients. Case Presentation. A young patient with refractory acute myeloid leukaemia received a peripheral blood stem cell transplant at our institution. Both pre- and post-transplant courses were complicated by polymicrobial bloodstream infections. During this time a bacterium, later identified as Acetobacter tropicalis , was isolated from blood cultures. A. tropicalis was recovered in consecutive blood cultures for approximately 1 week; during this time the patient's condition deteriorated, ending in fatal cardiorespiratory failure. Conclusion. This case provides the first report of a human infection with A. tropicalis , although the significance of this finding in a complex patient is hard to establish. This illustrates how the routine implementation of molecular identification techniques by clinical microbiology laboratories will result in the reporting of more rare or novel micro-organisms involved in human infections.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Laryngitis and Oral Lesions in a Patient with Laryngeal Carcinoma.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is increasingly being promoted as a nutritional supplement by health food enthusiasts and is also recommended as prophylaxis against antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, severe opportunistic infections due to S. cerevisiae have been reported in patients with chronic disease, cancer, and immunosuppression. Fungemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and esophagitis have been described. It is important to consider infections due to S. cerevisiae in appropriate clinical settings. Here, we describe the first case of S. cerevisiae laryngitis in a patient with a history of laryngeal carcinoma who also had oral lesions.